After dropping and restoring a very large database a few times just to refresh the data in a single table, I thought that there must be an easier way to do this. I was right, you can restore a single table.

If you are starting with a live database, you can simply use pg_dump to backup only one table:

pg_dump --data-only --table=tablename sourcedb > onetable.pg

which you can then restore in the other database:

psql destdb < onetable.pg

But even if all you've got is a full dump of the source database, you can still restore that single table by simply extracting it out of the large dump first:

pg_restore --data-only --table=tablename fulldump.pg > onetable.pg

before restoring it as shown above, using psql.