After upgrading an Ubuntu 14.04 ("trusty") machine to the latest 16.04 Hardware Enablement packages, I ran into login problems. I could log into my user account and see the GNOME desktop for a split second before getting thrown back into the LightDM login manager.

The solution I found was to install this missing package:

apt install libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial

Looking for clues in the logs

The first place I looked was the log file for the login manager (/var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log) where I found the following:

DEBUG: Session pid=12743: Running command /usr/sbin/lightdm-session gnome-session --session=gnome
DEBUG: Creating shared data directory /var/lib/lightdm-data/username
DEBUG: Session pid=12743: Logging to .xsession-errors

This told me that the login manager runs the gnome-session command and gets it to create a session of type gnome. That command line is defined in /usr/share/xsessions/gnome.desktop (look for Exec=):

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GNOME
Comment=This session logs you into GNOME
Exec=gnome-session --session=gnome
TryExec=gnome-shell
X-LightDM-DesktopName=GNOME

I couldn't see anything unexpected there, but it did point to another log file (~/.xsession-errors) which contained the following:

Script for ibus started at run_im.
Script for auto started at run_im.
Script for default started at run_im.
init: Le processus gnome-session (GNOME) main (11946) s'est achevé avec l'état 1
init: Déconnecté du bus D-Bus notifié
init: Le processus logrotate main (11831) a été tué par le signal TERM
init: Le processus update-notifier-crash (/var/crash/_usr_bin_unattended-upgrade.0.crash) main (11908) a été tué par le signal TERM

Seaching for French error messages isn't as useful as searching for English ones, so I took a look at /var/log/syslog and found this:

gnome-session[4134]: WARNING: App 'gnome-shell.desktop' exited with code 127
gnome-session[4134]: WARNING: App 'gnome-shell.desktop' exited with code 127
gnome-session[4134]: WARNING: App 'gnome-shell.desktop' respawning too quickly
gnome-session[4134]: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....

It looks like gnome-session is executing gnome-shell and that this last command is terminating prematurely. This would explain why gnome-session exits immediately after login.

Increasing the amount of logging

In order to get more verbose debugging information out of gnome-session, I created a new type of session (GNOME debug) by copying the regular GNOME session:

cp /usr/share/xsessions/gnome.desktop /usr/share/xsessions/gnome-debug.desktop

and then adding --debug to the command line inside gnome-debug.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=GNOME debug
Comment=This session logs you into GNOME debug
Exec=gnome-session --debug --session=gnome
TryExec=gnome-shell
X-LightDM-DesktopName=GNOME debug

After restarting LightDM (service lightdm restart), I clicked the GNOME logo next to the password field and chose GNOME debug before trying to login again.

This time, I had a lot more information in ~/.xsession-errors:

gnome-session[12878]: DEBUG(+): GsmAutostartApp: starting gnome-shell.desktop: command=/usr/bin/gnome-shell startup-id=10d41f1f5c81914ec61471971137183000000128780000
gnome-session[12878]: DEBUG(+): GsmAutostartApp: started pid:13121
...
/usr/bin/gnome-shell: error while loading shared libraries: libwayland-egl.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
gnome-session[12878]: DEBUG(+): GsmAutostartApp: (pid:13121) done (status:127)
gnome-session[12878]: WARNING: App 'gnome-shell.desktop' exited with code 127

which suggests that gnome-shell won't start because of a missing library.

Finding the missing library

To find the missing library, I used the apt-file command:

apt-file update
apt-file search libwayland-egl.so.1

and found that this file is provided by the following packages:

  • libhybris
  • libwayland-egl1-mesa
  • libwayland-egl1-mesa-dbg
  • libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-utopic
  • libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-vivid
  • libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-wily
  • libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial

Since I installed the LTS Enablement stack, the package I needed to install to fix this was libwayland-egl1-mesa-lts-xenial.

I filed a bug for this on Launchpad.